Wednesday, April 3, 2013

Setting up Business in Japan 1

Establishment of a Branch/Domestic Company
(Foreign shareholdings 50%or more)               
    






Establishment of a Branch / Domestic Company is regulated mainly both by  Companies Act (Part I, Part II, Part III,Part IV,Part V, Part VI, Part VII and Part VIII)(Act No. 86 of July 26, 2005)by Commercial Registration Act(Act No. 125 of July 9, 1963). Foreign investors are required to know the other law related to companies act and commercial registration act. For example, foreign investors who want to do a  inward direct investment must submit a report after establishment of a business base or a notification before establishment of that, as the case may be, to the Minister of Finance via the Bank of Japan in the provision of Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act.

Other Acts related to establishment of companies as below;
・Immigration control Act
・Income Tax
・Consumption Tax
・Tax Treaty
・ Employment Insurance
・Pension Law
・etc........



Notes
This Website is intended principally as the initial, introductory stage of information. Although articles in this website are written in good faith, representing the authors’ understanding of the relevant law, the articles may be wrong or out of date and should not be relied on for any purpose whatsoever. The authors of these articles and administrator of this website do not guarantee and assume no responsibility for any consequences, including damages, arising out of or in connection with the use of any information available from this website. All articles and content copyrighted © by the author, 2013.All rights reserved.










The Labour Organization Law Myanmar 2011---Chapter 1

Chapter 1 Title, Enforcement and Definition
1. (a) This Law shall be called the Labour Organisation Law.
  (b) This Law shall come into force on the date prescribed by notification by the
    President. 

2. The expressions contained in this Law shall have the meanings given hereunder:
(a) Worker means a person who relies on his labour to engage‘ in economic activity or
to generate a livelihood, including a daily wage earner, temporary-worker, worker
engaged in agriculture, domestic worker, government employee and apprentice,
but does not include the Defense Services personnel, member of the Myanmar
Police Force or member of the armed organizations under the control of the
Defense Services. -

(b) Employer means a person who carries out by hiring one or more worker on wages
of mutual consent in any trade under the relevant employment agreement,
including a person who manages, supervises and administers directly or indirectly
and is responsible to pay wages to the worker. This expressions include the legal
managerial agent of the employer. _

(c) Trade or activity means the State-owned or private-owned factory, workshop,
establishment and their production business, construction business, renovation
business, industry, transportation business, service business or any other vocational
works in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. This expression also includes
Government departments and organizations.

(d)Utlity service includes public utility services and non-public utility services.

(e)Public utility service means the following businesses:

(i) transportation business; .
(ii) port business and port cargo handling business;

(iii) postal, telex or fax business;
(ⅳ) business relating to information and communication technology;
(v) petroleum or petroleum products distribution business for the public;
(vi) night soil disposal or sanitation business;

(ⅶ) business of production, transmission and distribution of electricity or fuel energy to the public;
(viii) business of public financial service;
(ix) business which is stipulated by the Union Government as the public utility
service, from time to time.

(f)Lock-out means" the temporary closing of the work place of any trade, suspension
of work or refusal by the employer to allow the workers at the work site to
continue to work in consequence ofthe situation of any dispute of the employer
and workers which remains in dispute.

(g)Strike means collective action taken by decision of some or all workers resulting
in a suspension ofwork, a refusal to work or to continue to work, or a slow-down
or other collective actions that are designed to limit production or services relating
to social or occupational matters in any dispute, This expression does not include
workers‘ exercise of their right to remove themselves, having reasonable
justification to believe that the work situation presents a sudden and serious danger
to their life or health.

(h)Labour Organization means the Basic Labour Organization, Township Labour
Organization, Region or State Labour Organization, Labour Federation and
Myanmar Labour Confederation formed under this Law.

(I)Executive Committee means the executive committee of the respective labour
organization.

(J)Conciliation Body means the Township Conciliation Body formed under the
Trade Disputes Act.

(K)Fund means a fund established in a labour organization under this Law.
 
第1章 名称、施行及び定義   (試訳)
(第1条~第2条)
第1条
(あ)本法は労働組織法と称する。

(い)ミャンマー連邦共和国大統領による告示によって前述の日付に発効する。

第2条
本法に記載の表現は、以下のような意味を有する、
 (あ)労働者とは、自らの労働によって経済活動を行い日常生活を営む者をいうのであって、日雇い労働者、期間労働者、農業従事者、家庭内労働者、公務員、見習いを含む。ただし、ミャンマー防衛局員、ミャンマー警察員又は、ミャンマー防衛局の支配下にある武装組織に属する者は含まない。


(い)事業者とは、適切な雇用契約書の下で相互同意した賃金で一人以上の労働者を雇用し、事業を行う者であって、直接間接に運営し、監督し、管理する者でかつ労働者に対して賃金を支払う責任を負う者である。事業者の適法な管理代行者を含む。


(う)取引又は活動とは、国の所有又は私の所有する工場、作業所、設備及び生産事業、建設事業、修復事業、製造業、運送業、サービス業その他のミャンマー国内における職業的労働を意味する。本表現の中には政府の省庁及び機関が含まれる。 

(え)公益事業とは公共公益事業及び非公共公事業が含まれる。

(お)
   ①公共公益事業とは、次のものを含む。
   ②運運送事業
   ③港湾事業、港湾貨物取扱事業、
   ④郵便テレックスファックス提供事業、
   ⑤通信技術事業、
   ⑥石油または石油製品一般販売業、
   ⑦し尿処理又は衛生設備業、
   ⑧一般大衆への発電、送電、電力又はエネルギ-燃料分配事業、
   ⑨一般向け金融サービス事業、
   ⑩不定期にミャンマー政府が公共公益サービスとして営む事業


 (か)ロックアウトとは、取引作業所の一時的閉鎖を意味する、作業の一時停止又は労働者が作業を継続ため工場敷地に立ち入ることを事業者が拒絶することを意味し、作業所にいる労働者が作業継続の許可を拒否することを意味する。

 (き)ストライキとは、数名の又は全ての労働者の決定によって実行される団体行動であり、結果として労働の一時停止、就業拒否又は就業継続拒否、怠業その他の団体行動で争議中の社会的又たは職業的事項に関して生産あるいはサービス制限を意図して行われるものである。本規定には、その労働状況が生命あるいは健康に突然かつ切迫した危険を現出させると信じるにたる合理的な理由で、労働者が自らを除く権利の行使を含まない。

 (く)労働組織とは、下部労働組織、タウンシップ労働組織、管区又は州労働組織、労働連合そして本法によって形成されるミャンマー労働連盟を意味する。

 (け)労働組織とは、下部労働組織、タウンシップ労働組織、管区又は州労働組織、労働連合そして本法によって形成されるミャンマー労働連盟を意味する。

 (こ)調停団体とはタウンシップ調停団体をいう。




Notes
This Website is intended principally as the initial, introductory stage of information. Although articles in this website are written in good faith, representing the authors’ understanding of the relevant law, the articles may be wrong or out of date and should not be relied on for any purpose whatsoever. The authors of these articles and administrator of this website do not guarantee and assume no responsibility for any consequences, including damages, arising out of or in connection with the use of any information available from this website. All articles and content copyrighted © by the author, 2013.All rights reserved.




























The Labour Organization Law Myanmar 2011---Preamble

Preamble
 The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw hereby enacts this Law, in accord with section 24 of the
Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, to protect the rights of the workers, to
have good relations among the workers or between the employer and the worker, and to enable to form and carry out the labour organizations systematically and independently.
序文
ミャンマー連邦共和国憲法第24条に基づいて、連邦議会は、本法を制定する。その目的は、労働者の権利保護及び労働者間の、又は、事業者と労働者間の良好な関係を保持するため及び労働団体を計画的かつ自主的に組織し運営することを可能ならしめるためである。



Notes
This Website is intended principally as the initial, introductory stage of information. Although articles in this website are written in good faith, representing the authors’ understanding of the relevant law, the articles may be wrong or out of date and should not be relied on for any purpose whatsoever. The authors of these articles and administrator of this website do not guarantee and assume no responsibility for any consequences, including damages, arising out of or in connection with the use of any information available from this website. All articles and content copyrighted © by the author, 2013.All rights reserved.

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

今熱い!ミャンマーできっと役立つ法律 1914 The Burma Companies Act 8

Ⅰ-3     Unlimited Company

8.  In the case of an unlimited company –
(1) the memorandum shall state –
  (i)  the name of the company;
  (ii)  that the registered office of the company will be situated in the Union of Burma;
  (iii) the objects of the company;
(2) if the company has a share capital –
  (i)  no subscriber of the memorandum shall take less than one share;
  (ii)  each subscriber shall write opposite to his name the number of shares he takes.

第8条
無限責任会社
(一)基本定款への記載事項
  (1)会社の商号。
  (2)会社の登記営業所がビルマ連邦共和国にあるかどうか。
  (3)会社の目的。
(二)無限責任会社が株式資本を有する場合
  (1)基本定款への署名者は、1株以上を引き受けるものとする。
  (2)各署名者は、自分の名前の反対側に自分の引き受ける株式数を記載するものとする。



Notes
This Website is intended principally as the initial, introductory stage of information. Although articles in this website are written in good faith, representing the authors’ understanding of the relevant law, the articles may be wrong or out of date and should not be relied on for any purpose whatsoever. The authors of these articles and administrator of this website do not guarantee and assume no responsibility for any consequences, including damages, arising out of or in connection with the use of any information available from this website. All articles and content copyrighted © by the author, 2013.All rights reserved.

今熱い!ミャンマーできっと役立つ法律 1914 The Burma Companies Act 7

Ⅰ-2     A Company Limited by Guarantee

7.  In the case of company limited by guarantee –
(1)  the memorandum shall state –
  (i)  the name of the company, with “Limited” as the last word in its name;
  (ii)  that the registered office of the company will be situated in the Union of Burma;
  (iii) the objects of the company;
  (iv)  that the liability of the members is limited;
  (vi)  that each member undertakes to contribute to the assets of the company in the event
        of  its being wound up while he is a member, or within one year afterwards, for payment of
        the debts and liabilities of the company contracted before he ceases to be a member, and
        of the costs, charges and  expenses  of  winding  up,  and  for  adjustment  of  the  rights
        of  the  contributories  among themselves, such amounts as may be required not
        exceeding a specified amount;

(2) if the company has a share capital –
  (i)  the memorandum shall also state the amount of share capital with the company proposes
       to be registered and the division thereof into shares of a fixed amount;
  (ii) no subscriber of the memorandum shall take less than one share;
  (iii) each subscriber shall write opposite to his name the number of shares he takes.

第7条
有限保証会社の場合
(一)基本定款への記載事項
 (1)会社の商号。会社の商号の最後に「有限」の文字を付加する。
 (2)会社の登記営業所がビルマ連邦共和国にあるかどうか。
 (3)会社の目的。
 (4)株式資本を有する保障有限責任会社保証債務を負担する社員について、その者が社員で
   あるとき、又は社員でなくなってから1年以内において会社が清算状態になったときは、会社
   資産に対する保証を引き受けることを記載するが、それは以下のものに対する保証である。
    ①その者が社員であることをやめる前に会社が負担した借金及び債務の支払い。
    ②清算に係る費用、手数料、経費の比払い。
    ③所定の金額を超えない限りでの出資者間の権利の調整。

(二)有限保証会社が株式資本を有する場合
 (1)登記しようとする株式資本額及び当該資本金を額面いくらの株式に分割するのかを記載する    ことする。
 (2)基本定款への署名者は、1株以上を引き受けるものとする。
 (3)各署名者は、自分の名前の反対側に自分の引き受ける株式数を記載するものとする。




Notes
This Website is intended principally as the initial, introductory stage of information. Although articles in this website are written in good faith, representing the authors’ understanding of the relevant law, the articles may be wrong or out of date and should not be relied on for any purpose whatsoever. The authors of these articles and administrator of this website do not guarantee and assume no responsibility for any consequences, including damages, arising out of or in connection with the use of any information available from this website. All articles and content copyrighted © by the author, 2013.All rights reserved.