powerknowledge

powerknowledge2 (to be continued)

福島第一原発の事故を受け、小中学校や幼稚園などの校庭で放射線量を測定してきた福島県は８日、全１６４８か所の速報値を発表した。
最も高かったのは浪江町の津島小学校で毎時２３・０マイクロ・シーベルトだった。県は、結果を基に子供たちの屋外活動の可否を判断する方針だが、現状では基準がないため、国に基準を示すよう求めている。
発 表によると、５～７日、子供の屋外での活動を想定して地面から高さ１メートルの地点で測定し、浪江町の３か所で同２３・０～１８・８マイクロ・シーベル ト、飯舘村の７か所で同１４・０～８・３マイクロ・シーベルトとなった。これら１０か所のうち９か所は子供が避難して現在は使用されていない。残る１か所 の保育所は子供がいるが、屋外での活動を控えており、県生活環境部では「当面は問題はない」と説明。このほかの市町村については「直ちに健康に影響するレ ベルではない」としている。
測定は、福島第一原発から半径２０キロ圏内の４町を除く５５市町村の全ての小中学校と幼稚園、保育所、特別支援学校の校庭・園庭などで実施した。一般の人が自然界以外で浴びてもよいとされる年間許容量は１０００マイクロ・シーベルト。
（2011年4月9日  読売新聞)
同省などによると、基準は、児童生徒の年間被曝ひばく許容量を２０ミリ・シーベルト（２万マイクロ・シーベルト）として、一般的な校庭の使用時間などを勘案して算定する方針。原子力安全委員会の助言を得た上で、大気中の線量基準などを同県に示す。基準を超えた場合、校庭を使用禁止にし、授業を屋内だけに限るなどの措置をとる案も出ている。（2011年4月10日03時19分  読売新聞)

1. On 8th April Fukushima prefecture published data of radioactivity dose measured in 1648 points of schoolyards.
2. maximum data is 23.0 micro seivelt/hour from Fukushima elementary school in Namie village.
3. Local government of Fukushima prefecture is going to decide possibility of students' outside activities on base of these results.However,at present there is no criteria and so  local government ask Japanese government to make that criteria.Japanese government announced 1000 micro sievlet/year is  a limit for a person.(9th April 2011 from Yomiuri newspaper)
4. Japanese government announced criteria for students/pupils outside activities is going to be indicated to local government on the base of 20,000 micro sievelt/year with receiving advise from The Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan.(10th April 2011 from Yomiuri newspaper)

summary translation by A.watanabe



It has been mentioned in previous note that power-knowledge is produced by experts and scholars with overwhelming power to persuade people to do something voluntarily or  to act people as the result of self-disciplinary.It is possible to say that because power-knowledge discourse is assembled elaborately using numerical data collected by vast amount of government officials,experts and scholars.people loose intention or will to fight against these discourse.

'The bureaucracy statistics imposes not just by creating administrative rulings but by determining classifications within which people must think of themselves and of the actions that are open to them. '  Ian Hacking, How should we do the history of statistics? ,in The Foucault Effect  ed. Burchel, Gordon & Miller,Chicago,1991,p181.

20,000micro sievelt /year is safe for student's activities ? It is formed again and again by mass media how dangerous radioactive is  ,although we cant grasp any phenomena of existence of radioactive because it  is invisible and no smell. We cant recognize it without overdose ,exposing our body under shower of radioactive. In order to teach and warn danger of radioactive using a  picture hard to see of precedent accident many times on TV program or you tube or other media. Thanks to  a series of this kind of education some people get accurate knowledge and get strong sense of danger to radioactive,so 1000 micro seivelt/year is one of critical criteria to expose to radioactive and remember it.　In spite of that why the limit of radioactive dose  is raised up from 1000 micro sievelt/year to 20,000micro seivelt/year for students/pupil activities. This figure is 20 times of precedent limitation.Is this figure also determined on the base of expert knowledge ?

government said criteria is going to announce after taking advise of NSC that is charged with nuclear matter based on expert knowledge of radiological protection.

The Nuclear Safety Commission is charged with a range of missions including  planning, deliberation and making decisions  on regulations and policies related to nuclear safety as well as prevention of radiation hazards, based on expert knowledge on nuclear technologies and radiological protection.
http://www.nsc.go.jp/NSCenglish/pdf/101202.pdf

It cannot  be abandoned immediately to think  20,000 ms/y  came for another reason except for student/puplis' safe.
There are 1648 points must be care at least ,it is not small figure for government at this disastrous moments.Until now people in Fukushima keep perseverance under extreme hard situation but at same time it is also true that they hold  complains about the evacuation policy of government. It may be concerned for government  to put more burden on their shoulders.it means that refugees who has already had experience of 2~3 times moving evacuation place must again move to another place to  change a school  for their children in another prefecture. or try to avoid vast procedure loss of application for school to distribute , or just think of a social assurance providing a stable social order.

 It is a well-known thesis of Michel Foucault that a new kind of power emerges in the nineteenth century. In one form it is a strategic development of medicine and law. More generally he sees it as part of what he calls biopolitecs. There is a certain preoccupation with bodies.The disciplines of the body that he describes in his work on the prison and on sexuality form 'an entire micro-power concentrated with the body', and match up with 'comprehensive measures, the statistical assessments and interventions' which are aimed at the body politic, the social body.One need not subscribe fully to this model to see that statistics of populations and of deviancy form an integral part of the industrial state. Such a politics is directly involved in capital formation through social assurance; there is what Daniel Defert calls a technologie assurentiel  which has to do with providing a stable social order.  Ian Hacking, How should we do the history of statistics? ,in The Foucault Effect  ed. Burchel, Gordon & Miller,Chicago,1991,p181.